1Combine butter, 1/2 cup sugar, vanilla extract, and salt in the mixing bowl of a stand mixer; mix ingredients thoroughly with a paddle attachment. Mix flour into butter mixture to make a smooth dough. Press dough into a 9-inch tart pan; refrigerate crust for 30 minutes.
2Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C).
3Bake crust until light golden brown, 15 to 20 minutes.
4Whisk sugar, eggs, lemon zest, lemon juice, and 1/2 cup flour in a bowl until smooth. Pour lemon filling into crust. Cover edges of crust with strips of aluminum foil to prevent burning.
5Bake tart until filling is set, about 20 minutes. Cool completely and dust with confectioners' sugar.